Diferencias individuales en la impulsividad y la flexibilidad cognitiva en adultos jóvenes sanos

Autores/as

  • Jorge Emiro Restrepo Universidad de Antioquia
  • Juan David Soto Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
  • Alejandro Rivera Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25057/25005731.761

Palabras clave:

personalidad, diferencias individuales, cognición, neurociencias

Resumen

Introducción: Las causas de la impulsividad no se ha establecido aún y coexisten diversos modelos teóricos que incluyen diferentes factores. Varias investigaciones han analizado la relación entre el funcionamiento neuropsicológico y la impulsividad. La relación entre la personalidad y la flexibilidad cognitiva tampoco ha sido analizada en profundidad. La Neurociencia de la Personalidad, disciplina recientemente establecida, se ha concentrado en analizar los correlatos cognitivos de los factores de la personalidad. Objetivo: analizar las correlaciones entre la personalidad sana, la flexibilidad cognitiva y la impulsividad. Metodología: se trabajó con una muestra de 80 estudiantes universitarios de pregrado sin antecedentes de trastorno psicológico o neurológico, sin antecedentes familiares de trastorno psicológico o neurológico, y sin antecedentes de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en los últimos seis meses. Se utilizaron el Inventario de Personalidad NEO Revisado, la Escala de Impulsividad de Barrat (BIS-11), el TMT-B y el Test de Clasificación de Tarjetas de Wisconsin (WCST). Resultados: el análisis de correlaciones mostró que la impulsividad, en relación con los factores de la personalidad, solo presentó una correlación estadísticamente significativa (p < .05) con la Amabilidad. Respecto a la relación entre la impulsividad y las facetas de la personalidad, solo la Estética y la Franqueza presentaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas (p < .05). Conclusiones: solo el factor Amabilidad presentó una correlación estadísticamente significativa con la impulsividad. Este hallazgo no solo coincide con lo reportado en la literatura sobre neurociencia de la personalidad sino que es plenamente consistente con los atributos cognitivos que deberían estar asociados con el comportamiento que exhiben este tipo de personas.

Biografía del autor/a

Jorge Emiro Restrepo, Universidad de Antioquia

Biólogo, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín; Psicólogo, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia-Medellín,
Colombia; Doctor y Máster en Neuropsicología, Universidad de Salamanca, España; Profesor Tiempo Completo,
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Colombia

Juan David Soto, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia

Psicólogo, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia-Medellín, Colombia; Magister en Neuropsicología Universidad
de San Buenaventura, Medellín, Colombia; Profesor Tiempo Completo, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad
Cooperativa de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Colombia,

Alejandro Rivera, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia

Psicólogo, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia-Medellín, Colombia

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Cómo citar

Restrepo, J. E., Soto, J. D., & Rivera, A. (2016). Diferencias individuales en la impulsividad y la flexibilidad cognitiva en adultos jóvenes sanos. Katharsis, (21), 13–44. https://doi.org/10.25057/25005731.761

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